Depending on the objectives set by the instructor for the students, there are two main types of cases :
A case presents “either at a macro- or micro-level a situation that needs to be analyzed and evaluated” (Reynolds, 1985). No decision needs to be made and there is no clearly identified decision-maker.
A “description of an actual situation, commonly involving a decision, a challenge, opportunity, problem or issue faced by a person (or persons) in an organization. The [decision] case allows [the reader] to step figuratively into the position of the particular decision maker” (Leenders et al., 2001).